687 lines
20 KiB
HTML
687 lines
20 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="container-fluid main-container">
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<!-- setup 3col/9col grid for toc_float and main content -->
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-3">
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<div id="TOC" class="tocify">
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="toc-content col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-9">
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<div class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
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<span class="icon-bar"></span>
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</button>
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<a class="navbar-brand" href="index.html"><div><img src="ohdsi16x16.png"></img> OMOP Common Data Model </div></a>
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</div>
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<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
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<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
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<li>
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<a href="index.html">
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<span class="fa fa-house"></span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="dropdown">
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<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="fa fa-landmark"></span>
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Background
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<span class="caret"></span>
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</a>
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<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
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<li>
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<a href="background.html">Model Background</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="cdmRefreshProcess.html">CDM Refresh Process</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="vocabulary.html">How the Vocabulary is Built</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="dropdown">
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<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="fa fa-list-alt"></span>
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Conventions
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<span class="caret"></span>
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</a>
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<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
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<li>
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<a href="dataModelConventions.html">General Conventions</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="ehrObsPeriods.html">Observation Periods for EHR Data</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="cdmPrivacy.html">Patient Privacy and OMOP</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="dropdown">
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<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="fa fa-history"></span>
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CDM Versions
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<span class="caret"></span>
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</a>
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<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
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<li>
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<a href="cdm30.html">CDM v3.0</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="cdm60.html">CDM v6.0</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="cdm53.html">CDM v5.3</a>
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</li>
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<li class="dropdown-submenu">
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<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">NEW CDM v5.4</a>
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<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
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<li>
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<a href="cdm54.html">CDM v5.4</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="cdm54Changes.html">Changes from CDM v5.3</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="dropdown">
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<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="fa fa-plus-square"></span>
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CDM Proposals
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<span class="caret"></span>
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</a>
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<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
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<li>
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<a href="cdmRequestProcess.html">How to Propose Changes to the CDM</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="https://github.com/OHDSI/CommonDataModel/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3AProposal">Under Review</a>
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</li>
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<li class="dropdown-submenu">
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<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">Accepted</a>
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<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
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<li>
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<a href="https://github.com/OHDSI/CommonDataModel/issues/252">Region_concept_id</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="dropdown">
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<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="fa fa-question"></span>
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How to
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<span class="caret"></span>
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||
</a>
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<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
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<li>
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<a href="download.html">Download the DDL</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="cdmRPackage.html">Use the CDM R Package</a>
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</li>
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||
<li>
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||
<a href="drug_dose.html">Calculate Drug Dose</a>
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||
</li>
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||
</ul>
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</li>
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||
<li class="dropdown">
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||
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">
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||
<span class="fa fa-life-ring"></span>
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||
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||
Support
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||
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||
<span class="caret"></span>
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||
</a>
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||
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
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||
<li>
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<a href="cdmDecisionTree.html">Help! My Data Doesn't Fit!</a>
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||
</li>
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<li>
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||
<a href="faq.html">FAQ</a>
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||
</li>
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||
<li>
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||
<a href="sqlScripts.html">SQL Scripts</a>
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||
</li>
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||
<li>
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||
<a href="contribute.html">Ask a Question</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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||
</li>
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</ul>
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<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
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<li>
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<a href="https://github.com/OHDSI/CommonDataModel">
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<span class="fa fa-github"></span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
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</div><!--/.container -->
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</div><!--/.navbar -->
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<div id="header">
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<h1 class="title toc-ignore"><img src="ohdsi40x40.png"></img> OMOP CDM
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Background</h1>
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</div>
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<div id="background" class="section level2">
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<h2>Background</h2>
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<p>The Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) was a
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public-private partnership established to inform the appropriate use of
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observational healthcare databases for studying the effects of medical
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products. Over the course of the 5-year project and through its
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community of researchers from industry, government, and academia, OMOP
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successfully achieved its aims to:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Conduct methodological research to empirically evaluate the
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performance of various analytical methods on their ability to identify
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true associations and avoid false findings</li>
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<li>Develop tools and capabilities for transforming, characterizing, and
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analysing disparate data sources across the health care delivery
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spectrum</li>
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<li>Establish a shared resource so that the broader research community
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can collaboratively advance the science</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The results of OMOP’s research has been widely published and
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presented at scientific conferences, including <a
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href="https://www.ohdsi.org/2021-ohdsi-global-symposium-info/">annual
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symposia</a>.</p>
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<p>The OMOP Legacy continues…</p>
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<p>The community is actively using the OMOP Common Data Model for their
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various research purposes. Those tools will continue to be maintained
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and supported, and information about this work is available in the <a
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href="http://www.github.com/ohdsi">public domain</a>.</p>
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<p>The OMOP Common Data Model will continue to be an open-source
|
||
community standard for observational healthcare data. The model
|
||
specifications and associated work products will be placed in the public
|
||
domain, and the entire research community is encouraged to use these
|
||
tools to support everybody’s own research activities.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="the-role-of-the-common-data-model" class="section level2">
|
||
<h2>The Role of the Common Data Model</h2>
|
||
<p>No single observational data source provides a comprehensive view of
|
||
the clinical data a patient accumulates while receiving healthcare, and
|
||
therefore none can be sufficient to meet all expected outcome analysis
|
||
needs. This explains the need for assessing and analyzing multiple data
|
||
sources concurrently using a common data standard. This standard is
|
||
provided by the OMOP Common Data Model (CDM).</p>
|
||
<p>The CDM is designed to support the conduct of research to identify
|
||
and evaluate associations between interventions (drug exposure,
|
||
procedures, healthcare policy changes etc.) and outcomes caused by these
|
||
interventions (condition occurrences, procedures, drug exposure etc.).
|
||
Outcomes can be efficacious (benefit) or adverse (safety risk). Often
|
||
times, specific patient cohorts (e.g., those taking a certain drug or
|
||
suffering from a certain disease) may be defined for treatments or
|
||
outcomes, using clinical events (diagnoses, observations, procedures,
|
||
etc.) that occur in predefined temporal relationships to each other. The
|
||
CDM, combined with its standardized content (via the Standardized
|
||
Vocabularies), will ensure that research methods can be systematically
|
||
applied to produce meaningfully comparable and reproducible results.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="design-principles" class="section level2">
|
||
<h2>Design Principles</h2>
|
||
<p>The CDM is designed to include all observational health data elements
|
||
(experiences of the patient receiving health care) that are relevant for
|
||
analytic use cases to support the generation of reliable scientific
|
||
evidence about disease natural history, healthcare delivery, effects of
|
||
medical interventions, the identification of demographic information,
|
||
health care interventions and outcomes.</p>
|
||
<p>Therefore, the CDM is designed to store observational data to allow
|
||
for research, under the following principles:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Suitability for purpose:</strong> The CDM aims to provide
|
||
data organized in a way optimal for analysis, rather than for the
|
||
purpose of addressing the operational needs of health care providers or
|
||
payers.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Data protection:</strong> All data that might jeopardize the
|
||
identity and protection of patients, such as names, precise birthdays
|
||
etc. are limited. Exceptions are possible where the research expressly
|
||
requires more detailed information, such as precise birth dates for the
|
||
study of infants.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Design of domains:</strong> The domains are modeled in a
|
||
person-centric relational data model, where for each record the identity
|
||
of the person and a date is captured as a minimum.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Rationale for domains:</strong> Domains are identified and
|
||
separately defined in an entity-relationship model if they have an
|
||
analysis use case and the domain has specific attributes that are not
|
||
otherwise applicable. All other data can be preserved as an observation
|
||
in an entity-attribute-value structure.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Standardized Vocabularies:</strong> To standardize the
|
||
content of those records, the CDM relies on the Standardized
|
||
Vocabularies containing all necessary and appropriate corresponding
|
||
standard healthcare concepts.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Reuse of existing vocabularies:</strong> If possible, these
|
||
concepts are leveraged from national or industry standardization or
|
||
vocabulary definition organizations or initiatives, such as the National
|
||
Library of Medicine, the Department of Veterans’ Affairs, the Center of
|
||
Disease Control and Prevention, etc.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Maintaining source codes:</strong> Even though all codes are
|
||
mapped to the Standardized Vocabularies, the model also stores the
|
||
original source code to ensure no information is lost.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Technology neutrality:</strong> The CDM does not require a
|
||
specific technology. It can be realized in any relational database, such
|
||
as Oracle, SQL Server etc., or as SAS analytical datasets.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Scalability:</strong> The CDM is optimized for data
|
||
processing and computational analysis to accommodate data sources that
|
||
vary in size, including databases with up to hundreds of millions of
|
||
persons and billions of clinical observations.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Backwards compatibility:</strong> All changes from previous
|
||
CDMs are clearly delineated in the <a
|
||
href="https://github.com/OHDSI/CommonDataModel">github repository</a>.
|
||
Older versions of the CDM can be easily created from the CDMv5, and no
|
||
information is lost that was present previously.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
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