Make `Append` function to `dyn.Path` return independent slice (#1295)

## Changes

While working on #1273, I found that calls to `Append` on a
`dyn.Pattern` were mutating the original slice. This is expected because
appending to a slice will mutate in place if the capacity of the
original slice is large enough. This change updates the `Append` call on
the `dyn.Path` as well to return a newly allocated slice to avoid
inadvertently mutating the originals.

We have existing call sites in the `dyn` package that mutate a
`dyn.Path` (e.g. walk or visit) and these are modified to continue to do
this with a direct call to `append`. Callbacks that use the `dyn.Path`
argument outside of the callback need to make a copy to ensure it isn't
mutated (this is no different from existing semantics).

The `Join` function wasn't used and is removed as part of this change.

## Tests

Unit tests.

libs/dyn/path.go

@@ -49,17 +49,13 @@ func NewPath(cs ...pathComponent) Path {
 	return cs
 }
 
-// Join joins the given paths.
-func (p Path) Join(qs ...Path) Path {
-	for _, q := range qs {
-		p = p.Append(q...)
-	}
-	return p
-}
-
 // Append appends the given components to the path.
+// Mutations to the returned path do not affect the original path.
 func (p Path) Append(cs ...pathComponent) Path {
-	return append(p, cs...)
+	out := make(Path, len(p)+len(cs))
+	copy(out, p)
+	copy(out[len(p):], cs)
+	return out
 }
 
 // Equal returns true if the paths are equal.

libs/dyn/path_test.go

@@ -19,16 +19,14 @@ func TestPathAppend(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, p2.Equal(dyn.NewPath(dyn.Key("foo"), dyn.Key("bar"), dyn.Index(1))))
 }
 
-func TestPathJoin(t *testing.T) {
-	p := dyn.NewPath(dyn.Key("foo"))
+func TestPathAppendAlwaysNew(t *testing.T) {
+	p := make(dyn.Path, 0, 2)
+	p = append(p, dyn.Key("foo"))
 
-	// Single arg.
-	p1 := p.Join(dyn.NewPath(dyn.Key("bar")))
-	assert.True(t, p1.Equal(dyn.NewPath(dyn.Key("foo"), dyn.Key("bar"))))
-
-	// Multiple args.
-	p2 := p.Join(dyn.NewPath(dyn.Key("bar")), dyn.NewPath(dyn.Index(1)))
-	assert.True(t, p2.Equal(dyn.NewPath(dyn.Key("foo"), dyn.Key("bar"), dyn.Index(1))))
+	// There is room for a second element in the slice.
+	p1 := p.Append(dyn.Index(1))
+	p2 := p.Append(dyn.Index(2))
+	assert.NotEqual(t, p1, p2)
 }
 
 func TestPathEqualEmpty(t *testing.T) {

libs/dyn/pattern.go

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func (c anyKeyComponent) visit(v Value, prefix Path, suffix Pattern, opts visitO
 	m = maps.Clone(m)
 	for key, value := range m {
 		var err error
-		nv, err := visit(value, prefix.Append(Key(key)), suffix, opts)
+		nv, err := visit(value, append(prefix, Key(key)), suffix, opts)
 		if err != nil {
 			// Leave the value intact if the suffix pattern didn't match any value.
 			if IsNoSuchKeyError(err) || IsIndexOutOfBoundsError(err) {
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func (c anyIndexComponent) visit(v Value, prefix Path, suffix Pattern, opts visi
 	s = slices.Clone(s)
 	for i, value := range s {
 		var err error
-		nv, err := visit(value, prefix.Append(Index(i)), suffix, opts)
+		nv, err := visit(value, append(prefix, Index(i)), suffix, opts)
 		if err != nil {
 			// Leave the value intact if the suffix pattern didn't match any value.
 			if IsNoSuchKeyError(err) || IsIndexOutOfBoundsError(err) {

libs/dyn/pattern_test.go

@@ -28,13 +28,20 @@ func TestNewPatternFromPath(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPatternAppend(t *testing.T) {
-	p1 := dyn.NewPattern(dyn.Key("foo"), dyn.Index(1))
-	p2 := dyn.NewPattern(dyn.Key("foo")).Append(dyn.Index(1))
-	assert.Equal(t, p1, p2)
+	p := dyn.NewPattern(dyn.Key("foo"))
+
+	// Single arg.
+	p1 := p.Append(dyn.Key("bar"))
+	assert.Equal(t, dyn.NewPattern(dyn.Key("foo"), dyn.Key("bar")), p1)
+
+	// Multiple args.
+	p2 := p.Append(dyn.Key("bar"), dyn.Index(1))
+	assert.Equal(t, dyn.NewPattern(dyn.Key("foo"), dyn.Key("bar"), dyn.Index(1)), p2)
 }
 
 func TestPatternAppendAlwaysNew(t *testing.T) {
-	p := make(dyn.Pattern, 0, 2).Append(dyn.Key("foo"))
+	p := make(dyn.Pattern, 0, 2)
+	p = append(p, dyn.Key("foo"))
 
 	// There is room for a second element in the slice.
 	p1 := p.Append(dyn.Index(1))

libs/dyn/visit.go

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func visit(v Value, prefix Path, suffix Pattern, opts visitOptions) (Value, erro
 }
 
 func (component pathComponent) visit(v Value, prefix Path, suffix Pattern, opts visitOptions) (Value, error) {
-	path := prefix.Append(component)
+	path := append(prefix, component)
 
 	switch {
 	case component.isKey():

libs/dyn/visit_map.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ func Foreach(fn MapFunc) MapFunc {
 			m := maps.Clone(v.MustMap())
 			for key, value := range m {
 				var err error
-				m[key], err = fn(p.Append(Key(key)), value)
+				m[key], err = fn(append(p, Key(key)), value)
 				if err != nil {
 					return InvalidValue, err
 				}
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func Foreach(fn MapFunc) MapFunc {
 			s := slices.Clone(v.MustSequence())
 			for i, value := range s {
 				var err error
-				s[i], err = fn(p.Append(Index(i)), value)
+				s[i], err = fn(append(p, Index(i)), value)
 				if err != nil {
 					return InvalidValue, err
 				}

libs/dyn/visit_set.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func SetByPath(v Value, p Path, nv Value) (Value, error) {
 
 	return visit(v, EmptyPath, NewPatternFromPath(p), visitOptions{
 		fn: func(prefix Path, v Value) (Value, error) {
-			path := prefix.Append(component)
+			path := append(prefix, component)
 
 			switch {
 			case component.isKey():

libs/dyn/walk.go

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func walk(v Value, p Path, fn func(p Path, v Value) (Value, error)) (Value, erro
 		m := v.MustMap()
 		out := make(map[string]Value, len(m))
 		for k := range m {
-			nv, err := walk(m[k], p.Append(Key(k)), fn)
+			nv, err := walk(m[k], append(p, Key(k)), fn)
 			if err == ErrDrop {
 				continue
 			}
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func walk(v Value, p Path, fn func(p Path, v Value) (Value, error)) (Value, erro
 		s := v.MustSequence()
 		out := make([]Value, 0, len(s))
 		for i := range s {
-			nv, err := walk(s[i], p.Append(Index(i)), fn)
+			nv, err := walk(s[i], append(p, Index(i)), fn)
 			if err == ErrDrop {
 				continue
 			}